Resumen Introducción. La tasa de incidencia de infecciones del sitio operatorio asociadas a cirugías mamarias varía desde el 6 hasta el 38 %. Se presentan la incidencia local y el perfil microbiológico de las infecciones en una clínica oncológica. Métodos. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte, prospectivo, descriptivo, durante un periodo de un año en el Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología, IMAT Oncomédica, de mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama, que presentaron infecciones del sitio operatorio después de la mastectomía. Resultados. Se encontraron 335 cirugías registradas y la incidencia de infecciones del sitio operatorio fue del 3,38 %, todas en mastectomías radicales con reconstrucción. Se obtuvo crecimiento bacteriano en el 77 % de los cultivos, principalmente de cocos Gram positivos, con predominio de Staphylococcus aureus sensible a la meticilina (SAMS). Los bacilos Gram negativos representaron el 40 %. Se administraron cefalosporinas de primera generación como profilaxis antibiótica prequirúrgica, la cual fue correcta en el 31 % de los casos. En el 50 % de las pacientes infectadas se practicó el baño prequirúrgico y se cumplió el protocolo institucional. Conclusiones. La incidencia encontrada de infecciones del sitio operatorio es menor que la reportada en otras series. Staphylococcus aureus sensible a la meticilina fue el microorganismo responsable más frecuente. El cumplimiento de la profilaxis con cefalosporina y baño prequirúrgico es fundamental para disminuir la incidencia de infecciones del sitio operatorio.

Abstract Introduction. The incidence rate of surgical site infection associated with breast surgeries ranges from 6% to 38%. We present the local incidence and microbiological profile of infections in an oncology clinic. Methods. Prospective, descriptive cohort study over a one-year period of women diagnosed with breast cancer at Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología, IMAT Oncomédica, and have developed surgical site infection after mastectomy. Results. 335 registered surgeries were found. The incidence of surgical site infection was 3.38%, all of them in radical mastectomies with reconstruction. Bacterial growth was obtained in 77% of crops. Gram-positive were the main microorganisms responsible, predominantly methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (SAMS). Gram-Negative bacilli accounted for 40%. First generation cephalosporins were administered as presurgical antibiotic prophylaxis, which was correct in 31% of cases. In 50% of infected patients, the pre-surgical bath was performed and the institutional protocol was complied with. Conclusion. Our incidence of surgical site infection was lower than reported in other series. SAMS was the most common responsible microorganism. Compliance with cephalosporin and pre-surgical bath prophylaxis is critical to reducing the incidence of operative site infections.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Breast implants remain a very popular option both for aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgeries. A number of factors can affect the results of breast implant surgeries. The adequate planning on incision placement, need to associate mastopexy, insertion plane, and implant model increase the likelihood of adequate outcomes and reduce the need for secondary surgical treatment. This study describes the experience of a Plastic Surgery Service at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre from 2011 to 2016 by correlating surgical planning with complication rates and surgical reintervention. Methods: A retrospective cohort that analyzed patients who underwent breast implants at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre between 2011 and 2016, and included only cases of aesthetic breast augmentation, associated or not with mastopexy. All patients had their records analyzed, and after that an interview by phone was conducted to complement the information of the questionnaire. The analyzed was concluded with an appointment with a plastic surgeon of the service who examined the patient and confirmed the data collected for the questionnaire. No patients was evaluated by the assistant surgeon in last examination. Results: There was no significant difference between variation in surgical planning and incidence of complications. Conclusion: Still, no consensus exists regarding the best access route and plan for the breast implant. Further studies are necessary to compare the different routines of each service. Currently, best results are still based on routine systematization, precise surgical dissection and minimal contamination.

RESUMO Introdução: Os implantes mamários continuam sendo uma opção muito popular tanto para pacientes de cirurgia plástica estética quanto reconstrutora. Existem múltiplos fatores que podem afetar os resultados de cirurgias com implante mamário. Um adequado planejamento sobre o posicionamento da incisão, necessidade de associar mastopexia, plano de inserção e modelo do implante aumentam a probabilidade de resultados adequados e minimizam a necessidade de tratamento cirúrgico secundário. Estudo realizado para descrever a experiência do serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre entre 2011 e 2016 correlacionando o planejamento cirúrgico realizado com as taxas de complicações e reintervenção cirúrgica. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva que analisou os pacientes submetidos a implantes mamários no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre entre 2011 e 2016, sendo incluídos somente casos de mamoplastia de aumento estética, associada ou não à mastopexia. Todos os pacientes tiveram seu prontuário analisado; posteriormente, realizou-se uma ligação telefônica para complementar as informações do questionário. Finalizouse com uma consulta com um cirurgião plástico do serviço, que examinou a paciente e confirmou os dados coletados para o questionário, não sendo em nenhum caso o cirurgião assistente. Resultados: Não há diferença significativa entre a variação no planejamento cirúrgico e a incidência de complicações. Conclusão: Ainda não há consenso quanto à melhor via de acesso e plano do implante mamário, sendo necessários estudos comparando as diferentes rotinas de cada serviço. No momento os melhores resultados ainda são baseados numa rotina sistematizada, dissecção cirúrgica precisa e contaminação mínima.

This paper describes how multicore parallelism is implemented in the Haskell and Java programming languages, using two different programming paradigms, functional and object oriented. The starting point is an existing implementation of the sudokus solver algorithm, developed in Haskell with a functional approach, to which elements of basic parallelization were incorporated. After that, an equivalent version was constructed from object-oriented programming in the Java language. Finally, different measurements were taken to analyze and contrast the performance of the two implementations. According to the analysis, it was concluded that Haskell makes a more optimal use than Java of multicore architecture.

En este trabajo se describe la implementación de paralelismo multicore en los lenguajes de programación Haskell y Java, utilizado dos paradigmas de programación diferentes, el funcional y el orientado a objetos. Se parte de una implementación ya existente del algoritmo solucionador de sudokus, desarrollada en Haskell con un enfoque funcional, a la que se incorporaron elementos de paralelización básica. Luego se construyó su equivalente desde la programación orientada a objetos en el lenguaje Java. Finalmente se realizaron diferentes mediciones para analizar y contrastar el desempeño de las dos implementaciones. De acuerdo al análisis realizado, se llegó a la conclusión que Haskell hace una utilización más óptima que Java de la arquitectura multicore.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Trichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare neoplasm of skin appendages. It was first described in 1968 as tricoleptocarcinoma, and has an incidence of 0.05% in patients subjected to histopathological examination after excision of cutaneous lesions. TC has an indolent clinical course ; however, reports in the literature put in doubt this indolent behavior . Objectives: To provide an update on the management and prognosis of TC. Methods: A search of the PubMed and SciELO databases by using with the MeSH terms “trichilemmal carcinoma”, “tricholemmal carcinoma”, “adnexal skin tumor”, and “carcinoma triquilemal” was performed. Results: Owing to the rarity of TC, most studies were case reports, which essentially corroborate the indolent nature of the disease. Surgical excision is the recommended treatment, and is associated with a low risk of recurrence and low morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: The behavior of the lesion and the procedure of treatment of TC are based on isolated cases or in a small series of cases. Because of its low prevalence, a multicenter collaboration of a greater number of cases can help define the best treatment recommendations, pathophysiology, and prognosis. Surgical excision remains the gold standard of treatment, and is associated with a low risk of recurrence.

RESUMO Introdução: O carcinoma triquilemal (CT) é uma neoplasia rara dos anexos cutâneos. Foi descrito pela primeira vez em 1968, como tricoleptocarcinoma, e tem incidência de 0,05% em pacientes submetidos a exame histopatológico após excisão de lesões cutâneas. Parece ser um tumor de baixa agressividade, porém, relatos na literatura colocam em dúvida tal comportamento indolente. Objetivos: Oferecer uma atualização sobre manejo e prognóstico do CT. Métodos: Pesquisa no PubMed e SciELO com os termos MeSH “trichilemmal carcinoma”, “tricholemmal carcinoma”, “adnexal skin tumor”, “carcinoma triquilemal”. Resultados: Devido a sua raridade, a maior parte da literatura se baseia em relatos de caso, os quais na sua maioria corroboram a natureza indolente da doença. Excisão cirúrgica é o tratamento preconizado, com baixo risco de recidiva e baixa morbimortalidade. Conclusão: O comportamento da lesão e as condutas no tratamento do CT baseiam-se em casos isolados ou de pequenas séries de casos. Devido a sua baixa prevalência, uma colaboração multicêntrica agrupando um maior número de casos pode ajudar a definir melhor recomendações de tratamento, fisiopatologia e prognóstico. Excisão cirúrgica continua a ser o padrão-ouro de tratamento, com baixo risco de recidiva.

En este artículo se reporta la experiencia de implementación de una estrategia de desarrollo profesional docente que tuvo como objetivo la adquisición de competencias en moderación en ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje de profesores de lengua extranjera en una universidad pública colombiana. Se buscó identificar hasta qué punto los participantes en el curso incorporaron los conceptos de e-moderación y de e-actividad en su repertorio pedagógico por lo que se analizó el desempeño de los participantes en tres tareas diferentes. Los resultados muestran que los participantes comprenden los procesos de educación en línea, poseen habilidades técnicas básicas y tienen características personales que les ayudarán a convertirse en e-moderadores.

This paper reports the experience of implementing a teacher's professional development strategy that sought to foster e-moderator competencies among language faculty at a Colombian public university. The study aimed at finding the extent to which participants understood the concepts of e-moderation and e-tivities. We analyzed the participants' performance in three different tasks to give account of the incorporation of the concepts. The results from the analysis of the tasks showed that participants understand online processes, they have some technical skills and they have many personal characteristics that will help them become e-moderators.

Las herramientas web 2.0 en general y las redes sociales en particular son ampliamente usadas. Sin embargo, su uso en la enseñanza no se ha explorado a profundidad. Este artículo reporta los hallazgos de la implementación de una red social como apoyo virtual para un curso presencial. Los hallazgos muestran que la implementación de la herramienta tiene efectos en 5 áreas administrativas: (1) administración de la logística del curso, (2) administración de la información y el conocimiento, (3) administración de la comunicación, (4) administración del trabajo por fuera de clase y (5) administración de la facilidad de acceso. Las conclusiones de este estudio muestran que la implementación de la tecnología en el salón de clase implica nuevos roles para los profesores y la necesidad de usar nuevos enfoques para el diseño de cursos virtuales y de componentes virtuales.

Web 2.0 tools in general and social networking sites in particular are very popular today in everyday life. However, their use in education has not been explored. This paper reports the findings of the implementation of a web 2.0 tool namely a social networking site as a web support for a face-to-face course. The findings show that the implementation of a web-based environment in a face-to-face course can be viewed from 5 different managerial areas: (1) logistics management, (2) information/knowledge management, (3) communication management, (4) class work extension management and (5) web-based environment easiness of accessibility. The conclusions of the study show that the implementation of the web-based environment unveils new roles for teachers and new approaches to design online or blended courses.

Le Web 2.0 en général et les sites de réseautage social en particulier ont pris une place considérable dans la vie quotidienne. Néanmoins leur introduction en classe n'a pas été étudiée. Cet article présente les résultats issus de l'utilisation d'un web 2.0, en particulier un site de réseau social qui a servi de support virtuel pour un cours face-à-face. Ces résultats révèlent que la mise en place de cet outil a des effets sur cinq domaines de gestion: (1) gestion des moyens logistiques, (2) gestion des informations et des savoirs, (3) gestion de la communication, (4) gestion du travail de classe dispensé sur le web, et (5) facilité d'accès à l'environnement virtuel. Les conclusions de cette étude montrent que l'utilisation d'un environnement virtuel dispensé sur le web implique de nouveaux rôles pour les professeurs ainsi que de nouvelles approches pour élaborer des cours en ligne ou des cours hybrides.

Se desarrolló un monolito tipo celular de carbón activado (ACH) para la adsorción de NO a 30°C. Para la preparación de los monolitos celulares se usó como aglomerante la carboximetilcelulosa (CMC) y como coaglomerante brea de alquitranes de carbón (BAC). Se estudiaron los efectos de la adición de O2 y la presencia de cobre como catalizador. Para las muestras de monolito de carbón activado impregnado con Cu, la presencia de O2 favoreció la adsorción de NO incrementando el tiempo del punto de quiebre (breakthrough) y la capacidad de adsorción.

An activated carbon honeycomb (ACH) monolith was developed for the adsorption of NO at 30°C. For ACH monoliths preparation carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and coal tar pitch were used as binder and co-binder, respectively. The effects of the addition of O2 and the presence of copper as catalyst were studied. For the Cu-impregnated activated carbon monolith samples, the presence of O2 favored NO adsorption by increasing the breakthrough time and the adsorption capacity.

Objetives: To report a series of patients with bladder inverted papilloma, pointing out the clinical features, presentations, treatment options and outcomes. We also perform a bibliography review oriented to the diagnostic criteria, treatment options and prognosis of the inverted papilloma. Methods: We reviewed the medical charts of allpatients with the diagnosis of bladder inverted papillomatreated by our group between July 1996 and June 2003. Results: 16 cases of inverted papilloma of the bladder were diagnosed in ten males and six females, with a mean age of 53.1 yr. (range 31-72). The most frequent reason for consultation was voiding urgency (43.7%), followed by hematuria (37.5%). In 14/16 patients the lesion was localized in the bladder trigone. Transurethral resection of the lesion was performed in all patients. Two cases (12.5%) presented associated transitional cellcarcinoma. Conclusions: The inverted papilloma is a rarepathologic entity. Despite the absence of agreement about its aggressiveness or innocuousness we consider its potential malignancy should be taken into consideration after the evidence of recurrences and its association with transitional cell carcinoma.

Objetivo: Presentar una serie de pacientes con papiloma invertido vesical, señalando las características clínicas, formas de presentación, tratamiento y evolución. Se realiza también una revisión de la literatura dirigida a los criterios de diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico del papiloma invertido. Métodos: Se revisan los registros clínicos de los pacientes con diagnóstico de papiloma invertido vesical tratados por nuestro grupo entre julio de 1996 y junio de 2003. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 16 casos de papiloma invertido de localización vesical, en 10 hombres y 6 mujeres, con edad promedio de 53.1 años (rango 31 - 72). El motivo de consulta más frecuente fue la urgencia miccional (43.7%), seguido de hematuria (37.5%). En 14/16 pacientes la lesión se localizó en el trígono vesical. Se realizó resección endoscópica de la lesión en la totalidad de los pacientes. En dos casos (12.5%) se presentó asociación con carcinoma de células transicionales. Conclusiones: El papiloma invertido es una entidad patológica poco frecuente, y aunque en la actualidad no hay acuerdo sobre la inocuidad o agresividad de su comportamiento, consideramos que se debe tener en cuenta su potencial de malignidad evidenciado por las recurrencias y su asociación con el carcinoma de células transicionales.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we have gathered the second largest series yet published on laparoscopic radical cystectomy in order to evaluate the incidence and cause of intra and postoperative complication, conversion to open surgery, and patient mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1997 to 2005, 59 laparoscopic radical cystectomies were performed for the management of bladder cancer at 3 institutions in South America. Twenty nine patients received continent urinary diversion, including 25 orthotopic ileal neobladders and 4 Indiana pouches. Only one case of continent urinary diversion was performed completely intracorporeally. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 337 minutes (150-600). Estimated intraoperative blood loss was 488 mL (50-1500) and 12 patients (20%) required blood transfusion. All 7 (12%) intraoperative complications were vascular in nature, that is, 1 epigastric vessel injury, 2 injuries to the iliac vessels (1 artery and 1 vein), and 4 bleedings that occurred during the bladder pedicles control. Eighteen (30%) postoperative complications (not counting mortalities) occurred, including 3 urinary tract infections, 1 pneumonia, 1 wound infection, 5 ileus, 2 persistent chylous drainage, 3 urinary fistulas, and 3 (5%) postoperative complications that required surgical intervention (2 hernias - one in the port site and one in the extraction incision, and 1 bowel obstruction). One case (1.7%) was electively converted to open surgery due to a larger tumor that precluded proper posterior dissection. Two mortalities (3.3%) occurred in this series, one early mortality due to uncontrolled upper gastrointestinal bleeding and one late mortality following massive pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is a safe operation with morbidity and mortality rates comparable to the open surgery.